Post by The Cell on Apr 1, 2009 17:55:54 GMT -5
Bamboo as a Bio-Fuel..
Gasificaction is...
Gasification is a process that uses heat, pressure, and steam to convert materials directly into a gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Gasification technologies differ in many aspects but rely on four key engineering factors:
1. Gasification reactor atmosphere (level of oxygen or air content).
2. Reactor design.
3. Internal and external heating.
4. Operating temperature.
Typical raw materials used in gasification are coal, petroleum-based materials, and organic materials. The feedstock is prepared and fed, in either dry or slurried form, into a sealed reactor chamber called a gasifier. The feedstock is subjected to high heat, pressure, and either an oxygen-rich or oxygen-starved environment within the gasifier. Most commercial gasification technologies do not use oxygen. All require an energy source to generate heat and begin processing.
There are three primary products from gasification:
* Hydrocarbon gases (also called syngas).
* Hydrocarbon liquids (oils).
* Char (carbon black and ash).
Syngas is primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen (more than 85 percent by volume) and smaller quantities of carbon dioxide and methane. Syngas can be used as a fuel to generate electricity or steam, or as a basic chemical building block for a multitude of uses. When mixed with air, syngas can be used in gasoline or diesel engines with few modifications to the engine.
"Woodgas" is the various gases that can be easily made from wood or biomass. Various forms are: synthesis gas, typically 40% hydrogen, H2, 40% carbon monoxide, CO, 3% methane, and 17% Carbon dioxide; producer gas, made by gasifying biomass with air (and therefore containing ~50% nitrogen); pyrolysis gas, similar to synthesis gas, but including lots or water and tar and accompanied by production of 10-30% charcoal.
The Industrial Revolution was fueled by gas starting in 1800 (primarily from coal by pyrolysis) initially used for city and home lighting, then for cooking and power generation. Coke for steel making was a useful by-product. By 1850, the major cities of the world had "gaslight" (see thingyens novels). The internal combustion engine was invented to make electricity from producer gas about 1880. See all the wonderful old coal systems in our book "Modern Gas Producers" on our Books page. All of this changed starting in 1930, when welded pipelines brought natural gas from oil wells to our houses and now few of us remember the producer gas (manufactured gas, city gas, water gas etc.) era.
During World War II over a million gasifiers were built for the civilian sector while the military used up all the gasoline. Now that world oil supplies are being depleted and global warming is perceived as a threat to our environment, there is renewed interest in gas from BIOMASS.
the mgmt
Gasificaction is...
Gasification is a process that uses heat, pressure, and steam to convert materials directly into a gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Gasification technologies differ in many aspects but rely on four key engineering factors:
1. Gasification reactor atmosphere (level of oxygen or air content).
2. Reactor design.
3. Internal and external heating.
4. Operating temperature.
Typical raw materials used in gasification are coal, petroleum-based materials, and organic materials. The feedstock is prepared and fed, in either dry or slurried form, into a sealed reactor chamber called a gasifier. The feedstock is subjected to high heat, pressure, and either an oxygen-rich or oxygen-starved environment within the gasifier. Most commercial gasification technologies do not use oxygen. All require an energy source to generate heat and begin processing.
There are three primary products from gasification:
* Hydrocarbon gases (also called syngas).
* Hydrocarbon liquids (oils).
* Char (carbon black and ash).
Syngas is primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen (more than 85 percent by volume) and smaller quantities of carbon dioxide and methane. Syngas can be used as a fuel to generate electricity or steam, or as a basic chemical building block for a multitude of uses. When mixed with air, syngas can be used in gasoline or diesel engines with few modifications to the engine.
"Woodgas" is the various gases that can be easily made from wood or biomass. Various forms are: synthesis gas, typically 40% hydrogen, H2, 40% carbon monoxide, CO, 3% methane, and 17% Carbon dioxide; producer gas, made by gasifying biomass with air (and therefore containing ~50% nitrogen); pyrolysis gas, similar to synthesis gas, but including lots or water and tar and accompanied by production of 10-30% charcoal.
The Industrial Revolution was fueled by gas starting in 1800 (primarily from coal by pyrolysis) initially used for city and home lighting, then for cooking and power generation. Coke for steel making was a useful by-product. By 1850, the major cities of the world had "gaslight" (see thingyens novels). The internal combustion engine was invented to make electricity from producer gas about 1880. See all the wonderful old coal systems in our book "Modern Gas Producers" on our Books page. All of this changed starting in 1930, when welded pipelines brought natural gas from oil wells to our houses and now few of us remember the producer gas (manufactured gas, city gas, water gas etc.) era.
During World War II over a million gasifiers were built for the civilian sector while the military used up all the gasoline. Now that world oil supplies are being depleted and global warming is perceived as a threat to our environment, there is renewed interest in gas from BIOMASS.
the mgmt